Periodontal disease treatment
Price of Periodontal Disease Treatment
What is the Difference between Parodontosis and Periodontal Disease?
Human periodontal disease encompasses a wide range of conditions that are not associated with plaque microbial biofilm. Previously, these conditions were called parodontosis. These are several systemic diseases that affect the state of the gums and surrounding tooth tissues. Since 2017, a new international classification covers all diseases and conditions that cause periodontitis. Therefore, in modern periodontology, the term “parodontosis” is obsolete since it does not reveal all the existing causes associated with the pathology of the tissues surrounding the tooth.
What is Periodontitis?
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the gums and the teeth’ supporting structures and is one of the most common human diseases.
Periodontitis is caused by bacteria known as periodontal bacteria. Although these bacteria are naturally present in the mouth, they are only harmful when their amount increases dramatically. This happens when a layer of bacteria and food debris, that is, plaque, builds up and remains intact on the teeth, usually in hard-to-reach areas such as between the teeth.
Some bacteria can multiply, producing harmful waste products that stimulate the body’s protective inflammatory response. As the disease progresses, chronic inflammation leads to the destruction of the jawbone and teeth loss. For many people, this is a gradual process that takes place over many years, and if it is detected and treated promptly, then periodontitis can be stopped.
Periodontitis Symptoms
Periodontitis always begins with gum inflammation – gingivitis. It is not always easy to recognize, but one of the first signs is bleeding from the gums when brushing your teeth. The gums may look red and swollen.
Without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.
Changes that may occur over time include:
- increased bleeding from the gums, which can be triggered by brushing or eating;
- bad breath;
- teeth shifting;
- “longer” teeth (gum recession);
- pain.
Bleeding from the gums may be less noticeable in smokers due to the effects of nicotine on blood vessels, and therefore the disease process may be masked.
Causes of Periodontitis
A healthy mouth is inhabited by over 700 different types of bacteria, most of which are entirely harmless and live in harmony with the host. However, due to poor oral hygiene, bacterial deposits build up near the gums, forming plaque, and creating more favorable conditions for dangerous bacteria.
In all cases, periodontitis is caused by an accumulation of bacteria.
If plaque is not removed regularly, minerals are deposited into the plaque film over time, causing it to harden, turning into tartar. The presence of calculus encourages bacterial plaque growth towards the root of the tooth. As the inflammation progresses, the gums’ attachment to the root is disrupted, and a gap or periodontal pocket forms between them. This pocket is an ideal place for harmful bacteria to colonize and multiply, contributing to the development of the disease process. In their new habitat, bacteria produce toxic agents as products of their metabolism, which trigger the body’s defense mechanisms.
The severity and rate of periodontitis progression depend on several factors:
- the number and type of bacteria present;
- how strong are your defense mechanisms;
- the presence or absence of certain risk factors, for example, the more aggressive the bacteria and the weaker the patient’s immune response, the more active the disease will be;
- smoking or diabetes, which can further weaken the body’s defenses and accelerate the disease process;
- certain medications that make patients more susceptible to gingivitis, such as antihypertensive drugs or vasodilators.
What are the Consequences of Periodontal Disease?
Periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss.
If periodontal inflammation development does not stop, the supporting structures of the teeth, including the surrounding bone, are destroyed. Teeth weaken over time and fall out or need extraction. Painful abscesses and lengthening of the teeth with exposed roots may also appear due to gum recession.
Complications
Periodontal disease is already a complication; it affects almost all periodontal tissues and extends to the entire jaw. The clinical condition leads to a number of other negative consequences:
- osteomyelitis of the maxillofacial apparatus;
- ulcerative erosive gingivitis;
- periodontitis, periostitis;
- alveolar pyorrhea – suppurating dental pockets;
- retrograde pulpitis;
- rampant caries;
- lymphadenitis.
It can cause gastrointestinal complications as well. Bacteria get into the stomach with saliva. The pus discharge can penetrate various organs and systems with the blood flow. Research results confirm that when tooth loss from periodontal disease occurs, the pathological process has already managed to cause irreversible harm to the body. Periodontal disease causes complications not only from the dentition but also has life-threatening consequences.
What are the Risk Factors for Periodontitis?
Several factors can increase the periodontitis development risk.
Well-known risk factors include stress, certain systemic conditions such as diabetes, and most importantly, smoking.
Smokers are significantly more likely to develop periodontitis than non-smokers.
Smokers respond less favorably than non-smokers to periodontal treatments (e.g., gum/bone transplants and implants) due to poor tissue blood supply.
Periodontitis progresses much faster and with more rapid tooth loss in smokers. Of 100% of periodontitis cases that do not respond to treatment, about 90% are smokers.
Periodontitis is treated depending on its stage.
There are the following stages of periodontitis:
Stage 1. The maximum depth of periodontal pockets on probing is 2 mm, and the teeth are immobile; on X-ray, the bone loss is 15% around the roots of the teeth. The horizontal type of bone resorption dominates.
Stage 2. The maximum depth of periodontal pockets at probing is 3-4 mm, teeth are immobile, and X-rays show 15-33% bone loss around the teeth’ roots.
The horizontal type of bone resorption dominates.
Stage 3. The depth of periodontal pockets on probing is up to 5 mm, teeth are mobile, and on X-ray, the bone loss is from the middle of the root to its apex. No more than 4 teeth are lost due to periodontitis.
The vertical type of bone resorption dominates.
Stage 4. The depth of periodontal pockets at probing exceeds 5 mm, teeth are mobile, and on X-ray, the bone loss is up to the root tips of the teeth. More than 5 teeth are lost due to periodontitis.
Displacement of teeth, traumatic occlusion, and significant bone defects are the key features.
Periodontitis can cause displacement of teeth.
The treatment of stages 1-3 starts with the patient’s hygiene control, identification of risk factors, and professional control of the supragingival biofilm (plaque). Then, professional, hygienic cleaning and subgingival instrumental treatment in combination with systemic and local antimicrobial agents are carried out.
If necessary, three months after primary treatment, the patient undergoes resection (gingival excision to reduce the depth of periodontal pockets) or regenerative (soft tissue plastic) surgery.
Oral hygiene is also monitored. If it is satisfactory, the patient is transferred to maintenance therapy (oral hygiene control and professional hygiene), administered at 3-6 month intervals.
Stage 4 requires a multidisciplinary approach, including treatment according to stages 1-3 principles, elimination of traumatic occlusion, orthodontic relocation of teeth, splinting, prosthetics, and participation of related specialists (endocrinologists, cardiologists, etc.).
Also, front teeth can protrude due to bone loss and loss of tooth stability due to periodontitis.
Importance of Timely Treatment
Modern treatment methods of periodontal disease in the early stages can help eliminate the disease, strengthen the gums, and prevent the destruction of periodontium. It is essential at the first signs of the disease to contact a dentist, diagnose the disease, and identify the cause of its development.
The disease develops in the bone tissue, which is invisible without special diagnostic methods (X-ray). The disease does not have a pronounced pain syndrome at an early stage. All this leads to patients turning to the dentist, often at the 2-3 stage of periodontal disease.
Patients who self-medicate and do not consult a doctor waste time and risk complications. Not waiting for a positive result, they get to see a specialist already at the 2-3 stage of the disease.
If the disease is neglected, the treatment will be more complicated and take longer. Even at the third stage, it is possible to stop the disease, avoid tooth loss, improve the condition of tissues, and carry out their regeneration.
To successfully fight the disease, the patient must clearly follow the recommendations of the dentist:
practice good oral hygiene;
undergo the prescribed courses of treatment;
give up bad habits;
start a healthy diet.
A healthy person should have at least two preventive check-ups at the dentist’s at least twice a year and have teeth professionally cleaned to remove dental deposits, pigmentation. This reduces the risk of gum disease.
Specialists of the Clinic of Aesthetic Dentistry have extensive experience treating periodontal disease. They apply modern therapy methods, surgery, and prosthetics to restore the patient’s perfect smile. They carry out the treatment using the latest equipment and materials, also when gum is being sutured.
FAQ
Can you save loose teeth?
The reasons for teeth loosening can be various: the absence of bone around the tooth, excessive stress on the tooth, trauma, and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth associated with severe caries. In each case, it is necessary to understand the reason for the tooth loosening. After eliminating the cause, we evaluate the treatment 4 months later. Loose teeth usually have questionable prognosis and require regular monitoring.
What is the cause of bleeding gums?
Subgingival calculus is the most common cause of bleeding gums that can be easily identified by objective examination. After the hygienic procedures, gums stop bleeding. Other reasons can be defects in fillings, poorly fitting crowns and bridges, periodontal disease, and hormonal imbalance.
An objective examination and additional research methods can help identify all these reasons.
How often should I see a periodontist?
Our periodontist will recommend how often maintenance procedures should be performed after periodontal treatment, depending on the periodontal disease’s severity. Typically, you will need to see a hygienist every 3 months for periodontal maintenance.
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